Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the term for a sudden, violent jolt or impact to the head or body that injures brain cells. Head injuries can be extremely serious, moderate, or mild and still be classified as traumatic. Mild traumatic brain injury is defined as an injury that has only a temporary effect on the brain cells.

More severe injury may result in torn tissue, bleeding, bruising, and other signs of physical damage to the brain. TBI can result in long-term cognitive and physical complications.

Causes of TBI

Anyone can receive a traumatic brain injury. People at the highest risk include adults over the age of 60, children from newborn to age 4, young adults, and males of any age. Some of the most common causes of a TBI include:

• Falls, especially in young children and older adults
• Vehicle-related accidents, including cars, motorcycles, and bicycles
• Violence (gunshot wounds, child abuse,

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